فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، تابستان 1393)

Two hundred forty 1-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 4 replicates each. From d 14, the diets were supplemented with CoQ10 at levels of 0, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively. From d 14 to 42, all the chicks were exposed to low ambient temperature (10 to 15°C) to induce Ascites. Mortality was inspected to determine cause of death and diagnose of PHS. For evaluation of antioxidant status, the parameters that were determined in plasma and liver include: GPX, SOD, TAS and MDA. Sampling of blood and liver tissue were determined at d 21 and 42. At end of the experiment (wk 6), 2 chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The heart was removed; the right ventricle was dissected away from the left ventricle and septum then RV/TV calculated too. The results showed that mortality due to Ascites was reduced by CoQ10 supplementation (P<0.05). Moreover, MDA in plasma was significantly decreased and plasma GPX activity increased by 40 mg/kg CoQ10 compared with the control, but no significant changes were observed on SOD activity and TAS. RV/TV was significantly decreased by 40 mg/kg CoQ10 supplementation (P<0.05). The SOD & GPX activity and MDA levels in liver tissue were not affected by treatments (P>0.05).

Pepsin enzyme is synthesized in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates. Pepsin is composed of 327 amino acid residues، has a calculated molecular mass of 34KD. The structure is predominantly β-strand and random coil with limited α-helix. The two domains are connected via a six-stranded β-sheet plate. In this study used UV-Vis spectrophotometer pharmacia-4000 with electronic temperature controller system. Thermal stability of porcine pepsin has been investigated in the presence of organic solvents include butanol، ethanol، 1،4-Butanediol and glycerol in different concentrations (0-50% V/V) at pH=2. Tm of pepsin was decreased respective in the presence of butanol، ethanol، 1،4-Butanediol and Tm of pepsin increased in the presence of glycerol. Also we were studied the effects of these organic solvents on the activity of porcine pepsin. Activity of pepsin decreased respective in aqueous butanol، ethanol and 1،4-Butanediol with increasing organic solvent concentration and activity of pepsin increased in presence of glycerol with increasing organic solvent concentration. The changes caused in the catalytic activity by the water-miscible organic solvents include butanol، ethanol and 1،4-Butanediol may be related to structural changes، which were followed by means of thermal stability changes and also change in active site of pepsin. Glycerol stabilized structure of pepsin.

Fairy Shrimps (Anostraca) have a great importance as live food in aquatic animalslarviculture. They are important for enhancing growth rate and survival rate in various aquatic animals specially، sturgeon،salmonidae،Astacusleptodactylus. Fatty acid profile of fairy shrimps Chirocephalusskorikowiand Streptocephalustorvicornisfrom AigherGoli and GhomTappeh pools of East Azerbaijan، Iran were determined usingGC technique. The results showed that they had a large amount of EPA، DHA، ∑ n-3 HUFA،Linolenic acid and Linoleic acid، as though their highest amounts in various pools were; 9. 85، 1. 05، 10. 30، 12. 73 and 5. 75 percent respectively، that had a great valuecomparing with Artemia. these animals contain of 11-50 %protein،highly unsaturated fatty acid specialties such as high amounts of EPA and DHA،carotenid complexes and as a live food enable to provide nutritious needs of growth stages of various aquatic animals (specially in sensitive larval stages) and improve their life spans and meat quality.

According to increasing use of nano materials and our daily exposure to them, it is required to investigate their effects on genital organs. Upon this purpose, we have studied the effect of nano titanium dioxide on the spermatogenesis. The effect of titanium dioxide with particle size of 10 nm on spermatogenesis of adult male NMRI mice strain in “in vivo” conditions was studied. Three groups: control (no treatment), sham (treated with distilled water), experimental (treatment with doses of 6, 30, 150, 300 mg / kg of nano titanium dioxide 10nm) were investigated. Intraperitoneal injection was applied for 5 consecutive days. 2 weeks after the last injection, mice were anesthetized and their testes and epididymis were removed. After fixing and preparing slides, they were examined. In this study, mouse weight, number of tubes in the testis and epididymis, tunica albuginea thickness, number of Leydig cells, fibroblasts, Sertoli and sperm numbers at three significant levels (p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05) were studied. The results of studies showed most adverse effects on spermatogenesis factor. Especially histological effects with the dose of 30 mg/kg in comparison to 150 and 300 mg/kg were more effectual. Concerning to the results, it is possible this material inhibits the enzymes responsible for growth and causes cell death and necrosis of tissues. The necessity of precaution for usage of this material, according to the results of this research is determined.

Motacilla albahas three subspecies in Iran includingM. a. personata، M. a. persicaand M. a. dukhunensis. Thereis some evidence to support hybridization among these subspecies. In this study، we investigated morphological differences between two subspecies of White Wagtail in Iran including M. a. personata and M. a. persica. For this purpose، 17 specimens were collected from South and North East of Iran during the spring and summer of 2011، then we measured sevenprimary variables and six calculated ratios for comparison in multivariate analyses using Past program. We also compared coloration of head، forehead، crown and throat between to subspecies. T test revealed that five characteristics were significantly different between two subspecies (P<0. 05). Morphological matrices were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) Results indicated that two subspecies are different from each other. Coloration of head، forehead، crown and throat between two subspecies is different and we could not find any evidence of hybridization between them. According to morphometric separation of the two subspecies، there was the possibility of separation of samples hybrid from samples parent the contact region based on morphometric characters.

Glucocorticoids are observed to increase at anxiety and different stressful situations. This augmentation is driven by stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which can threaten physical and mental health in long-term. Thus, this study compared the effects of diazepam and currant hydroalcoholic extract on serum corticosterone level in adult male rat. In this study, 48 adult male mice were used in 6 groups of 8 animals, including the control (no treatment), Sham (receiving water) and 4 experimental groups receiving doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg from currant hydroalcoholic extract and 1 mg/kg of diazepam by gavage. After 15 days, rats perceived stress in elevated plus maze, after which corticosterone level was measured in the serum of the blood collected from their heart. Results were statically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results of this study showed that the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg from currant extract significantly increases (P≤0.05) and diazepam significantly decreases (P≤0.01) the corticosterone levels I serum. Diazepam reduced corticosterone levels in serum by affecting the benzodiazepine receptors and facilitating inhibitory effect of GABA while currant extract increased it probably by stimulating noradrenergic pathways.

144 juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta, after acclimation to laboratory conditions in sea water (40ppt) for one week, sea water was replaced with different salinities (5, 20 and 60ppt) and seawater (40ppt) as control. Samplings were performed at 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 7 and 14 days after the time of changing in environmental salinities. Blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol, glucose and electrolytes analysis. According to the results, plasma levels of cortisol showed significant increases in 5 and 60 ppt environment in relation to control and 20ppt groups 12 hours from the beginning of the experiment. However in 24h samples up to the end of the experiment (14days) there were no significant differences among treatments. Plasma glucose levels showed a significant increase only at 12h sampling time in relation to 6 and 24hours in fish adapted to 5 and 60ppt. Plasma Ca++ concentrations had no significant changes during experiment. Plasma Mg++ amounts decreased significantly in 5 and 20 ppt groups in relation with control at 24 h sampling time. In conclusion, cortisol has important role in adaptation to both 5 and 60ppt at the beginning of the exposure, because of its significant increase at just 12 hours in 5 and 60 ppt than the controls, but the role of cortisol has been replaced with other changes in osmoregulatory related tissues and cells according to the plasma cortisol amounts in 5 and 60ppt that returned to the basic levels.

Inthis survey anatomical and histological aspects of testis and seminiferous tubules during post-hibernation period in Laudakianupta inhabiting the north of Lorestan province in Zagros Mountains were investigated. To execute this task male lizard’s samples were collected from the study area during April to September for two consecutive years. In the laboratory gonads were removed and passed through fixation، dehydration، clearing، infiltration and embedding stages. By means of a rotary microtome serial sections were cut and stained by Haematoxylin-Eosin. Using light microscopy، quantitative and qualitative examinations were then performed on the sections. Our results revealed that during April to September the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the thickness of germinal epithelium constantly decrease. In addition، during the April and May the germinal cells are undergoing the meiosis or maturing process but no spermatozoid is found in the tubules yet. During June and July، the spermatogenesis process reaches to its maximum peak and mature spermatozoa are constantly released into the tubules lumen. During August to September، the production of sperm ceases and the tubules begin a reduction process. In general، the results displayed that the type of spermatogenesis in this taxon is classified as associated and spermatogenic activity peaks when there are high temperatures and long photoperiod which coincides with June and July.